the diagnosis of hiv infection in infants and children
نویسندگان
چکیده
it is estimated that the number of hiv infected children globally has increased from 1.6 million in 2001 to 3.3 million in 2012. the number of children below 15 years of age living with hiv has increased worldwide. published data from recent studies confirmed dramatic survival benefit for infants started anti-retroviral therapy (art) as early as possible after diagnosis of hi. early confirmation of hiv diagnosis is required in order to identify infants who need immediate art. who has designed recommendations to improve programs for both early diagnoses of hiv infection and considering art whenever indicated? it is strongly recommended that hiv virologocal assays for diagnosis of hiv have sensitivity of at least 95% and ideally greater than 98% and specificity of 98% or more under standardized and validated conditions. timing of virological testing is also important. infants infected at or around delivery may take short time to have detectable virus. therefore, sensitivity of virological tests is lower at birth. in utero hiv infection, hiv dna or rna can be detected within 48 h of birth and in infants with peripartum acquisition it needs one to two weeks. finally it is emphasized that all laboratories performing hiv tests should follow available services provided by who or cdc for quality assurance programs. both clinicians and staffs providing laboratory services need regular communications, well-defined sops and nationally validated algorithms for optimal use of laboratory tests. every country should use assays that have been validated by national reference laboratory.
منابع مشابه
The Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants and Children
It is estimated that the number of HIV infected children globally has increased from 1.6 million in 2001 to 3.3 million in 2012. The number of children below 15 years of age living with HIV has increased worldwide. Published data from recent studies confirmed dramatic survival benefit for infants started anti-retroviral therapy (ART) as early as possible after diagnosis of HI. Early confirmatio...
متن کاملThe Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants and Children.
It is estimated that the number of HIV infected children globally has increased from 1.6 million in 2001 to 3.3 million in 2012. The number of children below 15 years of age living with HIV has increased worldwide. Published data from recent studies confirmed dramatic survival benefit for infants started anti-retroviral therapy (ART) as early as possible after diagnosis of HI. Early confirmatio...
متن کاملthe analysis of the role of the speech acts theory in translating and dubbing hollywood films
از محوری ترین اثراتی که یک فیلم سینمایی ایجاد می کند دیالوگ هایی است که هنرپیش گان فیلم میگویند. به زعم یک فیلم ساز, یک شیوه متأثر نمودن مخاطب از اثر منظوره نیروی گفتارهای گوینده, مثل نیروی عاطفی, ترس آور, غم انگیز, هیجان انگیز و غیره, است. این مطالعه به بررسی این مسأله مبادرت کرده است که آیا نیروی فراگفتاری هنرپیش گان به مثابه ی اعمال گفتاری در پنج فیلم هالیوودی در نسخه های دوبله شده باز تولید...
15 صفحه اولnorms and ideology in translation of children literature in persian context
اهداف عمده ی این مطالعه دو دسته هستند:1) تعیین هنجار های اجتماعی فرهنگی مورد استفاده در ترجمه ی کتاب کودک برای کودکان ایرانی 2) بررسی مفهوم کودک در ایران و ائدئولوژی این جامعه در رابطه با کودک که مترجم را مجبور به بازسازی کتابهای داستان برای کودکان ایرانی میکند. به این منظور, ابتدا ,مجموعه ای از 30 کتاب داستان و ترجمه های فارسی انها بر اساس مدلlambert and van gorp(2006)مقایسه شد و سپس استراتژیه...
15 صفحه اولمنابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
iranian journal of pathologyجلد ۱۱، شماره ۲، صفحات ۸۹-۹۶
کلمات کلیدی
میزبانی شده توسط پلتفرم ابری doprax.com
copyright © 2015-2023